Definite Loop - For Loop

What Is a for Loop?

A for loop is a definite loop, meaning, the number of iterations is defined.

Syntax

The for loop is followed by a variable that iterates over a list of values. The general syntax is :

Example

The following example uses a for loop that prints 5 numbers.

fn main() {
    //define a for loop 
    for i in 0..5 {
      println!("{}", i);
    }
}

output

0
1
2
3
4

Explanation

• for loop definition
  • On line 3 a for loop is defined.
    • Variable i is an iterator variable that iterates over the range with the lower bound as 0 and the upper bound as 5. From here the body of the loop starts.
• for loop body
  • The body of the for loop is defined from line 3 to line 5
  • In each iteration:
    • On line 4, the value of the variable i is printed.
    • The value of the variable i is incremented by 1.
• The iterator variable i traverses over the range until the upper bound is reached.

Note: The lower bound is inclusive and the upper bound is exclusive in the range

The following illustration explains this concept:

# Enumerate To count how many times the loop has already executed, use the .enumerate() function.

• Syntax The general syntax is :

• Example

The example below prints the frequency of iterations and the value of variable.

fn main() {
  for (count, variable) in (7..10).enumerate() {
      println!("count = {}, variable = {}", count, variable);
  }
}

output

count = 0, variable = 7
count = 1, variable = 8
count = 2, variable = 9

Explanation

• enumerated for loop definition
  • On line 2 an enumerate for loop is defined.
  • The variable variable iterates over the range with the lower bound as 7 and the upper bound as 10 and a variable count which shows how many times the loop is iterated. From here the body of the loop starts.
• enumerated for loop body
  • On line 3, the value of count and variable is printed and then incremented by 1.

Quiz

1. What is the output of the following code?

fn main() {
  for i in 0..5{
     if i % 4 == 0 {
        print!("{}", i);
     }
  }
}

A) 04

B) 01234

1. What is the output of the following code?

fn main() {
  for (count, variable) in (7..10).enumerate() {
       if count * 2 == 4{
      println!("count = {}, variable = {}", count, variable);
       }
  }
}

A)

count = 0, variable = 7
count = 1, variable = 8
count = 2, variable = 9

B)

count = 2, variable = 9